Periodontitis and its influence on health – How is periodontal disease treated? ©
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This 3D video from Clínica Médico Dental Pardiñas (http://j.mp/cPardinas) explains the periodontal disease (periodontitis) and its relationship with the rest of the human body. It is shown how tartar accumulates on the teeth and how bacteria present in it can spread throughout the bloodstream. This is especially important in patients with heart problems, or that have received a valve replacement or transplantation. These bacteria can reach the heart valves and adhere to them, causing an infection called endocarditis.
Surgical treatment with different instruments and the resolution of the disease is also shown.
Periodontitis results in the destruction of the bone holding the tooth in place, causing all of the teeth to be lost if it is not treated in time. It appears as inflamed gums with presence of periodontal pockets (that form beneath the gum), which can be detected using a small probe that measures the distance between the gum and the bone, the mobility or exposure of the root of the tooth. Periodontitis is very rare in children and adolescents (1 case in every 10,000). However, its frequency increases with age (10% between 30-40 years old; 25%-30% between 50-60 years old).
Symptoms include: gums separated from the teeth, bleeding, bad breath, tooth mobility, receding gums, etc. When bone resorbs, a space between the gums and bone starts to create, this is called periodontal pocket. Here bacteria accumulate, proliferate and the patient can no longer sanitize properly.
To address this problem, it is necessary to eliminate the calculus, both superficial and deeper, and reshape the gum to remove the periodontal pocket, leaving the gum at the bone level. For this purpose, various instruments such as curettes and ultrasounds are used.
The objective is to remove all plaque and damaged tissue, leaving the tooth free of plaque and tartar.
After this procedure, the gums may retract, and the roots of the teeth may be exposed, which can cause sensitivity and aesthetic problems. What is achieved with this procedure is not regain the lost bone, but slow the progression of the disease, getting a state of health of the gums and eliminating periodontal pockets, so that the patient can have a good oral hygiene.
What is the cause of periodontal disease (periodontitis)?
It is caused by bacteria that accumulate in tartar and dental plaque, which sticks around the teeth and that if we do not eliminate, they get inserted between the tooth and the gum. These bacteria create toxins that damage and develop an infectious inflammatory process, which involves the destruction of the tissues that support the teeth. There must also be a predisposing individual (genetic) factor that is key, and that is what explains that patients with very little tartar can develop an aggressive periodontal disease, and vice versa, patients with a lot of tartar hardly have bone losses in the jaws.
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